Taliki ya cumi y’ukwa desembri mu mwaka wa 1948, niwo munsi Ikoraniro
rusange rya ONU ryemeje likanamenyesha Itangazo ryo kwamamaza hose
ibyerekeye agaciro ka Muntu. Ikoraniro rusange ryasabye ibihugu byose bili muli
l’ONU gukora uko bishoboye kugira ngo iryo Tangazo lizatangirwe ku
mugaragaro, ryamamare hose kandi lisobanurwe, cyane cyane mu mashuli, ali
amato ali ayisumbuye, mu bihugu byose, ibyigenga n’ibigitegekwa. ITANGAZO RYAMAMAZA HOSE AGACIRO K’UMUNTU Intangiliro. Ikoraniro rusange lilibutsa ko: – Ugushyira ukizana, ituze n’ubutungane mu bihugu bishingiye ku karusho ka buli
muntu, kadasibangana, gahamya icyubahiro akwiye n’agaciro twese duhulijeho, – Gusuzugura no kwirengagiza ako gaciro n’icyubahiro bya buli muntu nibyo
byateye bamwe imigenzereze isa n’iy’inyamaswa, umutima w’umuntu
utakwihanganira. Nicyogituma twemeza ko icyo umuntu wese yimilije imbere
y’ibindi al’ugushyira akizana, nta nkomyi mu mvugo no mu bitekerezo, akibera
aho nta nduru nta butindi, – Ali ngombwa ko hashingwa amategeko arengera ako gaciro ka buli muntu,
akamulinda ubuja n’agahato, – Ikindi ngombwa nu gukomeza umubano w’ibihugu, – Ibihugu byunz’ubumwe byiyemeje muli Charte ya l’ONU kuzahora byubaha
agaciro k’umuntu wese, yaba umugore yaba umugabo, bose niko bakwiye
kwubahwa kimwe. Ibyo bihugu byiyemeje kandi kuzaharanira amajyambere mu
mibanire m’imibereho y’abantu ku mudendezo, – Ibihugu byose byunz’ubumwe byarahiliye gufasha umuryango wa l’ONU
kwubahisha hose agaciro n’uburenganzira bishingiye kuli kamere ya buli muntu, – Kugira ngo ibyo twarahiliye tubishyikire, tugomba no guhuza igitekerezo ku
byerekeye ako gaciro n’uburenganzira bya buli muntu, – Ikoraniro rusange ryamamaje ili Tangazo ryerekeye agaciro ka buli muntu,
ligomba kuyobora abaturage b’ibihugu byose uburyo bwo kwitoza umuco wo
kwubaha agaciro n’uburenganzira bw’umuntu. Uwo muco niwo amategeko
agenga buli gihugu n’atunganya umubano w’igihugu agomba gushishikalira
kwinjuza muli byose, ali nu nyigisho z’urubyiruko mu mashuli, ali no mu milirere
yose y’abaturage, kugira ngo bose hamwe, ali abatuye mu bihugu muli l’ONU,
ndetse n’abatarashyikira ubwigenge, uwo muco abe aliwo bimiliza imbere.
Article 1. Abantu bose bavuka aliko bakwiye agaciro no kwubahwa kimwe. Bose bavukana
ubwenge n’umutima, bagomba kugilirana kivandimwe.
Article 2. Umuntu wese akwiye kwemererwa kwafite agaciro n’uburenganzira bwose
bwahamijwe muli ili Tangazo. Nta muntu uzongera gucishwa ku wundi ku
mpamvu gusa z’ubwoko, ibara ry’umubili, idini yemera cyanga se ibitekerezo
afite muli politique no mu zindi ngingo, ntawe uzazira igihugu akomokamo,
ubworo amavuka cyanga se indi mimerere yindi. Kandi nta muntu uruta undi, ngo kuko baba bakomoka mu bihugu batareshya. Ali
abaturage b’ibihugu byigenga cyanga se bigitwarwa, bikiyoborwa n’ibindi, bose ni
abantu kimwe.
Article 3. Umuntu wese agomba kubaho, gushyira akizana no kutarengana.
Article 4. Nta muntu ukwiye guhinduka imbohe cyanga umuja. Kugira abantu abaja cyanga
se kubacururuza biraciwe rwose.
Article 5. Nta muntu ugomba kugilirwa urugomo, kuzira agashinyaguro, kwicwa urupfu
rubi.
Article 6. Aho umuntu ali hose agomba kurengerwa n’amategeko y’igihugu.
Article 7. Abantu bose ni kimwe ku byerekeye amategeko, kandi bose niki agomba
kubarengera kimwe, akabalinda akarengane gaciye ukubili n’ili Tangazo,
akabalinda ndetse n’ibishobora byose gutera ako karengane.
Article 8. Buli muntu afite ububasha bwo kuregera inkiko imigenzereze yose iciye ku
burenganzira yahawe n’amategeko.
Article 9. Ntawe ushobora gufunga umuntu ku karengane cyanga se kumuca mu gihugu.
Article 10. Urubanza rw’umuntu wese, mbere yo gucibwa, rugomba kwumvikana ku
mugaragaro, nta karengane, abacamanza bakabona kurukiranura batabera.
Article 11. 1. Umuntu wese urezwe igicumuro, mu gihe ataracirwa urubanza
rukimuhamya, agomba gufatwa nk’intungane kugeza igihe ubugiranabi
bwe bwemeza n’urukiko kumugaragaro, kandi bamaze kumuha uburyo
bwose bwo kwiburanira. 2. Nta muntu ugomba guhanirwa amafuti yigeze gukora, niba mu gihe
ayakoze nta tegeko ry’igihugu cyanga ryerekeye umubano w’igihugu, ryali
libibujije. Kandi lero nta n’uzajya acibwa igihano kirenze icyali gitegetswe,
igihe akoze akabi agomba guhanirwa.
Article 12. Ntawe ugomba kwirohera nta mpamvu mu byerekeye imibereho y’umuntu
n’iy’abe, mu rugo rwe no mu nzandiko ze, cyanga se ngo amusebye. Muli ibyo
byose kandi amategeko y’igihugu agomba kulinda umuntu wese akarengane.
Article 13. 1. Umuntu wese agomba kugenda uko ashaka mu gihugu, no kwihitiramwo
aho ashaka gutura. 2. Umuntu wese ashobora kuva mu gihugu abishatse, no kugaruka mu
gihugu cye kavukire.
Article 14. 1. Umuntu wese, iyo atotejwe, ashobora guhungira mo kwakirwa mu bindi
bihugu. 2. Ubwo burenganzira aliko ntibwarengera umuntu ukulikiranywe kubera
ubugome busanzwe, cyangase imigenzereze ye inyuranye n’amaherezo
l’ONU yimilije imbere.
Article 15. 1. Buli muntu agomba kwitilirwa igihugu cye kavukire. 2. Icyo kimenyetso cy’ubuturage ntawe ushobora kukinyagwa ku karengane,
aliko umuntu ashobora kwiyakira ubuturage bw’aho yihitiyemo.
Article 16. 1. Umuhungu n’umukobwa bageze mu kigero cyo kwubaka, bashobora
gusezerana uko bashaka. Nta nkomyi ituruka ku bwoko, ku nkomoko
cyanga se idini. Mubyerekeye kurongora umugabo n’umugore bahwanije
agaciro, mbere yo gusezerana, igihe bali kumwe ndetse n’iyo
batandukanye. 2. Ntabagomba gushyingirwa batabyiyemereye ubwabo. 3. Ishingiro ryambere ry’umubano mu bantu ni murugo, amategeko ya leta
agomba kururengera.
Article 17. 1. Umuntu wese afite ububasha bwo kugira icyo yitungira, ukwe kwa yenyine
cyanga se afatanije n’abandi. 2. Ntawe ushobora kunyagwa ikintu yitungiye ku karengane.
Article 18. Mu bitekerezo by’umuntu, mu bimutunganiye idini, buli muntu agomba gushyira
akizana. Nukuvuga ko ashobora guhindura ibitekezo bye n’idini, kubigaragaza
mu ruhame cyanga ahiherereye, kubyigisha na kubikulikiza, ku mutima no mu
mihango ibigaragaza.
Article 19. Buli muntu akwiye gutekerza no kuvuga akamuli ku mutima. Nukuvuga ko
adakwiye kuzira ibitekerezo bye, ko ashobora gushaka, guhabwa no
kwamamaza hose uko ashaka ibihuje n’icyo atekereza.
Article 20. 1. Abantu bashobora guterana na kwiremamo amashyaka mu mahoro. 2. Nta muntu ukwiye guhatirwa kwinjira mw’ishyaka atabishaka.
Article 21. 1. Buli muntu afite uburenganzira bwo guhagurukira ibyerekeye ubutegetsi
bw’igihugu cye kavukire, ali ukubyigiramo ubwe, cyanga se kubishinga
intumwa zatowe bitalimo agahato. 2. Mu byo gukorera leta y’igihugu cyabo, abaturage bose bagomba gucishwa
mu kigero kimwe. 3. Ubutegetsi mu gihugu bukomoka ku bushake bw’abaturage. Ubwo
bushake bugaragara uko igihe cy’itora kigarutse. Mw’itora abaturage bose
bakuze bahwanije ijwe, kandi bitorera uwo bashatse nta gahato.
Article 22. Umuntu wese mu gihugu niko agizwe n’abandi. Ishyaka ry’abaturage
n’ubugobokane bw’igihugu bigomba gukiza buli muntu, bikamugeza ku mibereho
imukwiye kandi imufasha kujyambere.
Article 23. 1. Umuntu wese akwiye kubona umulimo yihitiyemo nta gahato. Akawukora
mu neza, bitalimo amananiza kandi atikanga kubura amulimo. 2. Abakora umulimo umwe bose bagomba guhembwa kimwe, nta kubera, 3. Umukozi wese agomba guhabwa umushahara umutunze we n’abe, kandi
akanarengerwa n’amategeko alinda abakozi akarengane, 4. Umuntu wese ashobora gufatanya n’abandi gushinga syndicats
zimurengera.
Article 24. Buli muntu ukora agomba kurangiza akazi mu masaha akwiye no guhabwa
ibiruhuko, kandi iminsi ahawe y’ibiruhuko agomba nayo kuyihemberwa.
Article 25. 1. Umuntu wese akwiye ikimubeshaho neza , we n’abo mu rugo, cyane
cyane mu byerekeye imyambaro ibyo kurya, aho atuye n’ibyo kwivuza,
mbese ibya ngombwa byose ngo umuntu ashobore kubaho. Iyo umuntu
yabuze akazi, igihe c’indwara cyanga ubumuga, mu bupfakazi no mu
zabukuru, mbese iyo umuntu atakigira ikimubeshaho bidaturutse ku
bwende bwe, agombwa gutungwa n’integanyo leta yageneye iminsi mibi. 2. Ababyeyi n’abana bakwiye cyane gufashwa. Kandi abana bose ndetse
n’ibinyandaro, bagomba kurengerwa kimwe.
Article 26. 1. Umuntu wese agomba kurerwa na guhabwa ku busa inyigisho zose
z’amashuli yambere. Amashuli y’abanyamyuga agomba gukwira hose.
Kandi ababishoboye bose bagomba gufashwa kimwe kujya mu mashuli
makuru. 2. Imilerere n’yo igomba kugeza abantu ku bugabo buhamye kubongeramo
icyubahiro cy’agaciro ka buli muntu n’ibyo afitiye uburenganzira byose.
Imilerere niyo izatera imbaga z’amoko anyuranye, nako ibihugu byose,
kwumvikana no kubana bitanduranya nibwo buryo bwo gufatanya na
l’ONU gukwiza amahoro hose. 3. Ababyeyi bafite uburenganzira bwo gutoraniliza abana babo imilerere
ibakwiye.
Article 27. 1. Umuntu wese akwiye uko ashaka mu gitaramo cyogeza ubutore n’umuco
w’igihugu, akwiye kwizihiza ibinezereje byose no guharanira amajyambere
n’ibyiza byose ubuhanga butuma dushyikira. 2. Abahanga bahimbye ikintu gishya cyanga se abanditsi b’ibitabo, bishobora
kubaviramo inyungu y’ikiguzi cya byo cyanga se y’agaciro bibahesha,
nabyo bikarengerwa n’amategeko y’igihugu.
Article 28. Ibyemejwe byose muli ili Tangazo bigomba amahoro mu baturage, ndetse no mu
mibanire y’igihugu, kugira ngo bishobore kugilira umuntu wese akamaro
kahageze.
Article 29. 1. Umuntu nawe agomba kumenya agaciro k’urugaga rw’abo atuyemo,kuko
narwo rumufasha kwigeza ku bugabo buhamye. 2. Mu burenganzira bwe bwose n’agaciro afite buli muntu agomba kugarukira
ku rubibi yashingiwe n’amategeko y’igihugu, kugira ngo n’abandi bagere
ku gaciro kabo n’uburenganzira bwabo, mu neza n’ituze vy’ingaga
y’abadasumbana. 3. Ibyo byose byahamijwe ntawe ushobora kubyigarulira ku buryo buciye
ukubili n’amaherzo l’ONU yimilije imbere.
Article 30. Mu magambo yose y’ili Tangazo, nta Leta, nta ngaga, nta n’umuntu ushobora
kwibwira ko hali ilimuga ububasha bwatuma atambuka ku byemejweho
uburenganzira muli ili Tangazo.
PEARLS Rwanda Educational Centre 